![]() Further, there are audial and visual references to the past films Dr. The 1930s Art Deco style is evident in the architecture and design shown throughout the film. The soundtrack consists of Big Band and Dixieland jazz, a 1920s-1930s American music style. ![]() The film, similar to the manga, was influenced by American and Western art. After the manga was written, much has changed in terms of the human relationship to machines and Japan’s relationship to America. The anime based on Tezuka’s manga was constructed in a different time period, and in such, explores different themes than the manga. The manga analyzed the Cold War through a unique lens, since “every now and again you see American architecture, especially art-deco architecture – and half of it seems to be brutalist Soviet artwork,” illustrating that Tezuka himself was “confused about which side to be on” (NPR, “An Anime Metropolis”). This reflects author Tezuka’s own dichotomous portrayal of the Cold War. ![]() The manga “Metropolis,” written in 1947 by Osamu Tezuka, had its inception during the time of the Cold War and interacts with themes pertaining to the past as well as the current political climate: fascism, the east-west binary, and American art vs. The 2001 anime film Metropolis, directed by Rintaro, is engaged in a relationship to the past through references to previous films, music, and art style.
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